Views of university students on unemployment - Free Essay Example

This study considers the effectiveness of Public and Private sector SME-development programs and current development of SMEs in AJK. Some important facts are presented. A comprehensive international literature study was undertaken. A questionnaire was developed for small and medium sized-enterprises owners and top managers to access the status of their enterprises and also to examine SMEs developmental strategies adopted by them. Chi-square test was employed for analysis of the data. The study find that SME are of overwhelming importance to AJK because they account for more than 90 percent of all firms outside the agricultural sector. Second, the main constraints faced by small entrepreneurs are cumbersome and onerous business regulations and restrictions, lack of finance, and low human resource and technological capabilities. Finally, the government has been the most important supporting agency for SMEs in AJK. However, evidence of the effectiveness of government and private programs to support SME development is mixed and not so encouraging. After analyzing the current SMEs developmental strategies (adopted by both public and private sectors) the study suggested public private partnership (PPP) as future stra tegy for SMEs development in AJK Pakistan. The Influence of Demographical Factors on the Interaction between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment: The interaction between entrepreneurship and unemployment essentially determines a persons status in the labour market. An examination of the mutual relations of entrepreneurship and unemployment showed that in both theory and practice, there are a push (unemployment encourages to start up business) and pull (business reduces unemployment) effects. Demographic factors most often used in empirical studies were determined: education, age, gender, marital status, marriage, unemployment/employment experience, ethnic minorities, immigration, race have different impact on business development. There are three factors the unemployment experience, education, age which can positively and negatively affect the business. Positive impact on business is made by a parent/spousers presence as entrepreneur, emigration, work experience, ethnic minorities; a negative impact on business is exerted by the existence of gender differences. Marital status affects mens and womens willingness to start up a business. Pearsonrs correlation and regression reliability calculations of demographic and business characteristics showed that a strong relationship exists between the indicator of the relation between the number of established companies with a ratio of the number of operating firms with the unemployment duration (1-2 months, 3-5 months) and the number of unemployed men and women in higher education/occupational training. This proves that the short-term unemployment and higher education of both genders have positive effects on business creation, which may cause a reduced unemployment. A strong correlation between the number of newly established enterprises and the unemployment duration (1-2 months) and the education of unemployed persons of both genders showed that the demographic factors largely contribute to the push effect. Unemployment has brought some serious problems like poverty, crimes and suicides that eradicating unemployment would be the hard job itself. Government is not the only one who responsible to reduce the percent of jobless but also all those who can actively contribute to be job- creator and not job seekers. The International Labor Organization predicts unemployment will rise by about 2.3 million this year to 199.4 million, and that 1.1 million will be added to the global count in 2017, taking joblessness to more than 200 million for the first time on record. Unemployment Rate in Nepal increased to 3.20 percent in 2016 from 3 percent in 2015. Unemployment Rate in Nepal averaged 2.97 percent from 1991 until 2016, reaching an all-time high of 4.50 percent in 1996 and a record low of 1.90 percent in 1999. As mentioned earlier, entrepreneurs play a vital role in job creation and providing opportunities to young people.It is now becoming increasingly important because of the changes in economic structure and the use of technology. Nepal has shifted from an agrarian economy to a non-agrarian economy, and subsistence farming alone does not provide enough livelihood opportunities for many. This calls for new initiatives for business or self-employment in many non-farming sectors, although there are opportunities to be innovative and creative in the farming sector. The use of modern technology coupled with a shrinking public sector has reduced the scope for large-scale employment opportunities in Nepal. With less experience and fewer skills than many adults, young people often encounter particular difficulty accessing work. The global youth unemployment rate, which has long exceeded that of other age groups, saw its largest annual increase on record in 2009; at its peak, 75.8 million young people were unemployed. United Nations World Youth Report, 2012 We are entering the era of unparalleled talent scarcity, which, if left unaddressed, will put a brake on economic growth around the world, and will fundamentally change the way we approach workforce challenges. Jean Charest, Premier of Quebec, World Economic Forum Global Talent Risk Report, 2011 Entrepreneurship and innovation are priority areas for the EU as they offer opportunities to overcome the current crisis, increase global competitiveness and ensure sustainable and profitable growth (Homolova et al., 2014). Moreover, entrepreneurship is regarded as ?the heart of innovation, productivity growth, competitiveness, economic growth and job creation (Grilo and Thurik, 2006, p.4), being associated with personal success. The Europe 2020 strategy recognises entrepreneurship and self-employment as key for achieving smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (European Commission, 2010).

Tips For Preparing For Term Test Papers

Tips For Preparing For Term Test PapersThe English Term test paper is an extraordinary method to test your comprehension of English and give you certainty that you can comprehend the degree of English required for the remainder of your examinations. While this paper isn't generally equivalent to the SAT or ACT test paper, it gives you a good thought of what's in store when you return to school.The English Term paper comprises of three areas: jargon, understanding appreciation, and a composing segment. For jargon, you will be given a little rundown of basic words and should go over each word in detail. Perusing cognizance will incorporate perusing entries from an understudy's content to comprehend the central matters of the essay.The composing area should be finished utilizing models. The understudy is required to compose various expositions about the primary concern of the exercise or article they are working on.The English Term test paper can set aside some effort to get ready for, yet the test you concentrate for should give you a thought of what's in store when you return to class for the following term. There are a few hints that can assist you with getting ready for this sort of test.The first tip for planning for the English Term test papers is to set yourself up before you get the opportunity to class. This implies doing some additional schoolwork to plan for the test and figure out the pace of the class. It likewise implies ensuring that you concentrate for the test.Make sure that you know the organization of the English Term test paper before you go to class with the goal that you realize how to peruse the paper and experience it at a pace that will work for you. You ought to have the option to take the class material and experience it with no issues. Additionally, the fundamental motivation behind the paper is to show that you know the degree of English that you have to learn before you go to high school.The second tip for reading for the English Term test papers is to locate a decent English course book. This will assist you with ensuring that you have enough English classes to be set up for the following term. On the off chance that you don't have an English course reading that fits into your timetable, you can discover one online for a little fee.The next tip for getting ready for the English Term test papers is to plan for all the various sorts of papers that you will be required to compose. It is critical to realize how to structure the exposition so it will be straightforward and perused, yet it will in any case have a point to it.

Researching Health Science Fellowship Essay Samples

<h1>Researching Health Science Fellowship Essay Samples</h1><p>When applying for a wellbeing science association, having a thought of what to write in your article is significant. Articles are an incredible method to enable your application to stand apart among the numerous different applications you'll be submitting. The main thing you have to consider when composing an article is the sort of task you will do. You will likewise need to inquire about the subject of the partnership that you are applying for, and ensure it is one that is proper for your examination skills.</p><p></p><p>Writing about Medical Aspects of a Topic - A decent method to demonstrate your capacity to compose unmistakably and consistently is to expound on clinical themes. You can begin by picking a clinical theme that you are keen on, for example, malignant growth look into or geriatric medication. In the wake of doing a touch of research on the subject, you will have a superior thought regarding what to expound on. You may think that its accommodating to talk with different individuals from the partnership program.</p><p></p><p>A inquire about theme can run from a clinical practice. You could expound on only a solitary emergency clinic, or you could cover various territories of clinical practice. In any case, you should expound on a specific subject. Wellbeing science partnership article tests are not as explicit, however it is still useful to explore the subject first. It will make it simpler to comprehend what to expound on while making the essay.</p><p></p><p>For model, in the event that you were inquiring about geriatrics, you could expound on pediatricians in clinics. On the off chance that you were inquiring about disease, you could discuss only a particular sort of malignant growth. Once more, doing some exploration previously will permit you to concentrate on what you have to examine and not stress over creation things excessively convoluted. These themes are imperative to wellbeing science association article tests, so it's critical to focus on your research.</p><p></p><p>Your science research may come up in the clinical diary you are utilizing to present your exploration, however you have to ensure that your paper seems to be being interesting. Every diary has its own rules, so it's ideal to follow those. Having the correct manner of speaking is likewise significant when composing for these journals.</p><p></p><p>Health science association article tests are unique in relation to examine paper tests, and they don't expect you to utilize a particular configuration. Nonetheless, composing an examination exposition isn't equivalent to composing a paper on a point that is pertinent to wellbeing. You can take a few thoughts from your exploration and transform them into an essay.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of points that can be expounded on in a wellbeing science cooperation. Before you start composing, look at an example from another analyst. Ordinarily, you can discover a great deal of valuable thoughts when contemplating the topic.</p><p></p><p>Remember that a wellbeing science cooperation requires inquire about. This exploration can assist you with getting progressively powerful in your vocation, yet it will likewise make you a superior specialist. Articles are an incredible method to show the amount you think about a specific theme. Since you will examine a particular point, you ought to have the option to relate your paper to that theme and expand on it.</p>

Tips For Writing a College Entrance Essay About Academic Goals and Purpose

<h1>Tips For Writing a College Entrance Essay About Academic Goals and Purpose</h1><p>It is an understudy's obligation to create an exposition on their scholastic objectives and reason. This is a lot of like planning for a decent test or exposition of any sort, so it is significant that the understudy knows the tips for composing a school entrance article about scholarly objectives and reason. The understudy should set up an elegantly composed paper which is an absolute necessity for the school entrance exam.</p><p></p><p>The tips for composing an understudy's exposition are not very hard to follow on the off chance that one is educated and arranged. Most understudies are educated by their instructors in the main year and in this way they recognize what to expound on. The understudy should be set up with tips for composing a school entrance article about scholarly objectives and purpose.</p><p></p><p>The first tip for composing a school entrance exposition about scholastic objectives and reason for existing is to recognize what the essayist is expounding on. School selection tests are centered around gaining from the understudy, so the understudy must know how the person will take in something from the paper. A few understudies take a thought from the theme and attempt to compose their own articles on a similar subject. Such composing may not be amazing and can make the understudy be killed from the school choice process.</p><p></p><p>Such articles may assist the understudy with establishing that the point is sufficiently significant to justify intrigue and research. There are understudies who feel that composing a school entrance exposition about scholarly objectives and reason for existing isn't fundamental, yet there is some reality to this announcement. These school selection tests include perusing material that an understudy has never experienced. Hence the understudy must have a thought on what the individual in question is composing about.</p><p></p><p>Writing tips for composing a school entrance article about scholastic objectives and reason incorporate having a framework of the point. It is a smart thought to record the blueprint as the understudy should stop at the underlying thoughts and ideas, yet is relied upon to expand on the point to make it more grounded. A decent blueprint ought to incorporate the primary thoughts of the article and the focuses that relate to the subject. The diagram should likewise incorporate the opening and shutting passages, a presentation and conclusion.</p><p></p><p>There are different advances engaged with composing tips for composing a school entrance paper about scholarly objectives and reason. The initial step includes composing the title of the article. The title ought to be clear and compact with the goal that the understudy doesn't need to re-try the piece in the event that it is hazy. The title ought to be a decent guide into the peruser's psyche with the goal that the person in question feels that the person should peruse further.</p><p></p><p>The second step is composing the principal section of the article. The primary passage is the focal point of consideration in the article, so it is significant that the understudy composes the main section as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. The understudy must ensure that the main section of the paper depends on realities that are not theoretical. The principal passage is additionally the prologue to the essay.</p><p></p><p>The understudy ought to guarantee that the principle thoughts of the article are written in the main section. The principle thoughts of the exposition ought to be bolstered by supporting data in the body of the article. One ought to likewise ensure that the article is organized accurately. On the off chance that there are significant focuses made in the exposition, at that point one ought to guarantee that the whole article is well-structured.</p>

Research Paper Topics For Comp

<h1>Research Paper Topics For Comp</h1><p>When I converse with a great deal of my friends, the subject of research paper themes for the comp, and I'm constantly astonished by their absence of information. It is my supposition that a great many people imagine that their paper subjects for comp will be like what they did in comp-last. This isn't really true!</p><p></p><p>In comp-last I reviewed something that I thought would get my educator to give me a great job on the test, and at the time I thought it was conceivable to do this without an excessive amount of difficulty. The paper subjects for comp are more testing than those in comp-last. A great deal of papers in comp-last begin with ideas or thoughts from explore papers that they have done in class previously, this is fine however sooner or later you should likewise concoct your own exploration themes for comp. Here is a gander at some regular research points for comp.</p><p>&l t;/p><p>Generally talking there are a great deal of understudies who wind up expounding on a ton of cloud subjects. In the event that you are one of these individuals, at that point you should consider expounding on your preferred things that you are energetic about. Attempt to think of something that has a general significance to your subject and that will likely raise more inquiries in the course.</p><p></p><p>For example, in school I invested a great deal of energy investigating PC security, which in the end drove me to Internet sites that were selling fake merchandise. I began inquiring about this subject because in light of the fact that I was sick of individuals taking stuff from me at Target and from the shopping center. After I got my degree, I chose to expound on this topic.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that I expounded on was the manner by which individuals were continually returning to Google to get data, so I expound ed on a famous site that permitted individuals to look at their outcomes just as look at others' outcomes. The connection was an extremely short one so I expounded on it in my paper points for comp. You can likewise expound on how you experienced an online business, or you can expound on how you bought an online business. This will assist you with relating it to your subject and it will assist you with interfacing your paper point to your topic.</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to get individuals to peruse your paper is to ask them about for what valid reason you think their point is intriguing and why they figure it could lead them to a decent vocation way. You need to utilize phrases like 'I accept', and make certain to portray why you accept the way you do.</p><p></p><p>You additionally need to ensure that you forget about all the hard numbers and the factious pieces of your paper, don't go into them by any stretch of t he imagination. Give your crowd a quality read and make them need to find out about the point. Research paper themes for comp are the way to getting a decent grade.</p>

Sample Essay on Similarities and Differences

Sample Essay on Similarities and DifferencesIn recent times, a sample essay on similarities and differences is an excellent tool for preparing for entrance tests. While it is true that many of the questions you will face in the entry exams will be purely theoretical, there is a basic material that is used to teach students how to think and write in a logical manner. It is also said that many questions in these examinations will involve information that is still held by researchers and experts. This material has been proven to be of great value to all students as a way of learning and honing their writing skills.Essay writing is not necessarily something that is easy, but with the help of samples, students can pick up the writing style of experts without even attempting to tackle it themselves. For instance, an essay on similarities and differences will deal with a variety of subjects. It may tackle a broad topic such as patriotism, or perhaps it will be more focused on a specific top ic like video games. Regardless of what the subject matter is, it can only be presented with a well-written essay, which is what makes a sample essay on similarities and differences such a valuable tool.Also, writing on these types of subjects is much easier to do if the essay comes from a student's level of experience. Instead of tackling a difficult topic that is too complex to grasp, students will find that these essays are much easier to grasp because the topics are introduced to them gradually. This gives students an opportunity to understand the basics and to know how to use them in writing.To learn how to write an essay on similarities and differences, a student should look for the resources that they can trust. These resources can include a variety of different resources such as textbooks and journals. A student can also look online for examples of essays on this subject. These examples can be found in books that may be purchased for a student's own personal use.When choosin g textbooks, a student should look for one that deals with a wide variety of various subjects. By going through several different types of books, a student will find that they are able to pick up the writing style of professionals who have written on similar topics. Students should look for an essay on similarities and differences that will allow them to learn from these examples and to use these examples to improve their own writing.One final resource for a student to consider when looking for samples of essays on these topics is the Internet. There are numerous online sources where a student can find a variety of samples of essays on these topics. A student can also look at the resources that are offered by various universities or college classes. There are a variety of classes that allow students to explore topics like this at their own pace.The best part about writing an essay on similarities and differences is that the process is entirely effortless. There is no need to think t oo hard about writing the essay because the topics are covered in this essay effectively and in an easily understood fashion. In fact, a student should look at this essay as a way to build upon the basic knowledge that they already have about some of the fundamentals of subjects that may be new to them.This form of writing will give students a chance to see what the general trends in all areas of study and in all types of subjects can tell them about. Because there are so many different subjects that can be covered in essays, a student should be sure to take advantage of a variety of resources that are available to them. By taking advantage of the samples offered by experts, they will gain a greater understanding of subjects that they were unable to study previously.

High School Term Paper Help - Ideas to Help Students Prepare For the College Entrance Exam

<h1>High School Term Paper Help - Ideas to Help Students Prepare For the College Entrance Exam</h1><p>Why, in the school selection test, should secondary school understudies set themselves up with secondary school research project help? The appropriate response is on the grounds that they have the extra help from secondary school to get the opportunity to breeze through their school selection test. Make sure to fuse composing abilities to build up your aptitudes that will enhance you opportunities to get in college.</p><p></p><p>Start off by composing an exposition dependent on a decent configuration. This is a layout for secondary school. You can search for one accessible in your secondary textbook or make your own.</p><p></p><p>Your composing can be founded on what your understudy body's needs are. Attempt to expound on issues that have just surfaced in your school. This can be concentrating on the issues that are no t illuminating. Your secondary school research project help can without much of a stretch help this.</p><p></p><p>Make sure that you can introduce the papers well. Check whether the composing style and composing abilities are accessible in the arrangement of your article. This can be seeing whether your article depends on a format or not.</p><p></p><p>Other thoughts for secondary school research project help is utilizing the jargon of your paper. It is essential to think about the words and how they are utilized. You have to see how to utilize these words successfully in the paper. In doing as such, you are making a move to manufacture your trust in the words.</p><p></p><p>Another thought for secondary school research paper help is utilizing scholarly composing tips. Turn upward on scholarly composing tips the same number of understudies are effectively utilizing their composing abilities. It is significant that understudies utilize their best assets that can assist them with writing great. Remember that regardless of how much secondary school understudies plan for the school selection test, they can't win it on the off chance that they don't have the skills.</p><p></p><p>These thoughts for secondary school research project help are only a couple of things to get understudies to concentrate on. At the point when you intend to locate the correct research project help for school, you have to prepare for what you are going to prepare.</p>

ESL Essay Examples - Learn How To Write Essays In English

<h1>ESL Essay Examples - Learn How To Write Essays In English</h1><p>Are you searching for ESL articles models? Indeed, don't stress in light of the fact that the online assets are very abundant.</p><p></p><p>What most understudies don't know is that the current age is so used to composing English articles and they can't envision that there is 'another' method for doing it. They don't know about the new innovation that can get them out recorded as a hard copy expositions with an English syntactic consistency. We have heaps of sources accessible online from which you can pick and think about various methods for composing English essays.</p><p></p><p>In a brief timeframe, you will wind up getting a charge out of the free and boundless technique for composing this exposition. In any case, you ought to consistently be alarm and ensure that the method for composing is suitable and will yield you the best results.</p>& lt;p></p><p>There are bunches of Essay Examples accessible for everybody. In any case, you ought to painstakingly choose those that will show you the fundamental methods for composing the article and the standards with respect to language and vocabulary.</p><p></p><p>There are a significant number of us who don't have the foggiest idea about that the exposition written in English would function admirably in the event that you can compose briefly. You have to discover what themes you are expounding on, how you need your exposition to end, the organization and substance of the paper. These things will assist you with settling on the language you are going to utilize and the style you are going to use.</p><p></p><p>You should be amazingly cautious with your exposition however much as could be expected. Try not to depend on syntactic principles with respect to the use of words in the article. That will just prompt an extreme ly terrible composition and hence you won't get any agreeable results.</p><p></p><p>The extreme objective of an ESL understudy is to learn English just as English language structure and get passing marks. Thusly, it is basic that you practice English language structure and guarantee that your articles are not syntactically right. In the event that you exploit the free and boundless assets accessible on the web, you won't have any motivation to stress over this aspect.</p>

The Importance of Finding a Good Essay Sample

The Importance of Finding a Good Essay SampleEssay samples are definitely helpful when it comes to writing your own essay. If you are not a good writer but still want to write essays on some specific topics, there are many essay samples to choose from in the market. Reading an essay sample will help you to make some basic changes to it in order to have it flow well and to be appealing to the reader.It is true that even the best essay writers can still fail to write well because of a lack of skills in essay writing. Those who have never written an essay before may not be aware of the things that they should not do in order to prepare their essay for submission. It is also advisable to read a number of sample essays before you start to write one.Writing good essays is not something that one can do in a day or two days because many essays require more time and thought before being written. Essay samples will help you find out what the pros and cons of a certain essay are. If you know th e problem and how a good or bad essay is written, you will know whether it is the right type of essay for you to write. You also get to understand the things that you should avoid so that you can avoid doing those things that may make you fail to succeed in writing an essay.It is true that every good leader knows the importance of following through with his or her words. So it is necessary that you do the same in order to come up with a really good essay. A good leader always follows through with his or her words. This is something that you can learn from essay samples.If you are a good writer and you want to write an essay on some kind of subject, you can actually find some essay samples that can help you. If you want to write a comprehensive essay on some particular topic, you should be able to find a great essay sample that has all the information that you need to write a complete research paper or research article. Once you read an essay sample that has everything that you need, you will be able to write a thorough and well-written essay.If you want to write an essay in a very short period of time, then you can look for essay samples that will help you a lot in that regard. You should be able to find essay samples that are only about five to seven pages long. You can read these samples on the internet or you can even buy them from the various essay book stores and you can choose the one that best suits your needs.It is important for every student to learn how to properly structure an essay. An essay sample can help you do this in an easy way. It is also important that you put emphasis on the subject that you are writing about so that the reader will be interested in your essay.Knowing these things, if you are a good leader, then you should have a good number of essay samples that you can use in writing essays. This is something that will help you in your preparation for your next project. It is definitely a wise investment for you to invest in essay sample s that will help you in writing your own essay.

The term “Manifest Destiny” was, in part, an expression of...

The term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was, in part, an expression of a genuine ideal on the part of Americans. Yet it was also a justification to a push and to assume territory. The idea of Manifest Destiny was sparked by revolutionary American writings that encouraged appropriation of Canada. These writings rationalized that the Louisiana Purchase and the Untied States’ annexation of Texas ordained American complete domination of the North American continent. More broadly stated, Manifest destiny was a conviction that God intended North America to be under the control Americans. It’s an assertion of Anglo-Saxon supremacy. Imbedded in the notion of Manifest Destiny is an American hypocrisy of the 1st Order. While its founding documents espoused†¦show more content†¦Opposition to U.S. expansion included the East Coast, which felt it would lose power with the admission of more states in to the Union. The abolitionists in the North were also afraid that the conquest of Mexico would add more slave territory into the United States. The Manifest Destiny beliefs clearly explained how Texas annexation was a natural expansion of the United States-a logical sequel to the Louisiana Purchase. Controversy arose from the annexation of a huge section of Mexico and the fears these lands meant the expansion of slavery. John Quincy Adams, a member of the House of Representatives, stated, We hesitate not to say that annexation of Texas, effected by any act or proceeding of the Federal Government, or any of its departments, would be identical with dissolution. It would be a violation of our national compact, its objects, designs, and the great elementary principles with entered into its formation, of a character so deep and fundamental, and would be an attempt to authorize an institution and a power of a nature so unjust in themselves, so injurious to the interests and abhorrent to the feelings of the people of the Free States, as, in our opinion, not only inevitably to result in a dissolution of the Union, but fully to justi fy it; and we not only assert that the people of the Free States ought not to submit to it, butShow MoreRelatedRole of education in personality development13618 Words   |  55 Pageshhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh- hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh- hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh flux, we find that the fixity and the flux are only relative terms, and in the movement of Nature, nothing is fixed. Personality may then be regarded as a plastic expression of certain forces and ends of Nature combined for the time being. Deeper psychological research affirms, as in the system of Yoga, that this combination of forces can be disturbed, it can be modifiedRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 PagesVintage Books paperback edition 1989 Introduction and Conclusion C.S. 204 AMERICAN UNIERSITY OF BEIRUT 1 THE SECOND SEX (Introduction and Conclusion) INTRODUCTION BOOK ONE: Part I Part II Part III FACTS AND MYTHS DESTINY HISTORY MYTHS BOOK TWO: Part IV Part V Part VI Part VI WOMANS LIFE TODAY THE FORMATIVE YEARS SITUATION JUSTIFICATIONS TOWARD LIBERATION CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION FOR A LONG TIME I have hesitated to write a book on woman. 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The word is applied to the teaching of how to write a composition; it is also used to reveal the correspondence between thought and expression; it frequently denotes an individual manner of making use of language; it sometimes refers to more general, abstract notions thus inevitably becoming vague and obscure. 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While you may

Fire down below Essay Example For Students

Fire down below Essay Imagine a musical in which the hero lies trapped underground, howling and whimpering toward his imminent, macabre death. Writer and director Tina Landau did. The result is Floyd Collins, based on the real-life 1925 tragedy of a Kentucky spelunker who died 16 days after a boulder pinioned him 50 feet below ground. Landaus Floyd Collins uses Collinss ghoulish story to explore how a small community, and then a nation, callously recycled human misfortune into a hysterical commercial fable. Landau is quick to distinguish her version of the Collins episode from Billy Wilders 1951 film, The Big Carnival (originally titled Ace in the Hole). Where Wilder focused on how a mean-spirited alcoholic journalist (played by Kirk Douglas) exploited the man trapped underground to jump-start his own sputtering career, Floyd Collins begins with a psychological question: What drew the misanthropic 37-year-old into the labyrinthine passages where he would eventually be buried alive? That question, slippery as Carlsbads dank limestone walls, separates Floyd Collins, which premieres at Philadelphias American Music Theater Festival April 9-24, from Wilders sly, biting film. On the simplest level, Landau and composer Adam Rodgers Guettel agree that Collins slipped all alone into the earths cold belly one night in late January to search for a cavern that would make his family rich. He was a mercenary, says Guettel, explaining that, like many eastern Kentuckians who had deserted their farms, Collins scraped together a meager income guiding tourists through the crystal and gypsum flowers of the Mammoth Cave region. But Landau believes that if Collins lusted for lucre, he also craved the excitement of searching for the dazzlingly eerie chambers he knew were hidden just beyond every bend. He was out to escape the dreary circumstances of his life, to see himself as something bigger, she argues, suggesting that the restless bravado that pushed Collins under the earths crust night after night is a uniquely American force. Trapped between  grief and hope   If Floyd Collins begins as a bold quest for subterranean beauty or a would-be rags-to-riches story, it soon derails. When a boulder falls on Collinss leg, he lies trapped alive, not knowing whether he will live or die. As he flails between grief and hope, the press turns him into a tragic national symbol, a kind of Appalachian Saint; his gruesome plight becomes one of the most-read about items of its time, equal to the Lindburgh kidnapping and the Leopold and Loeb murder. Yet, as Landau points out, fame could not save the real Collins, and Floyd Collins follows the darkening arc of his final days. While intrepid, wiry, future Pulitzer Prize winner Skeets Miller managed to writhe down the narrow tunnel to feed Collins (and get several interviews), he could not dislodge the mans leg from beneath the boulder. When the tunnel caved in, the state troops were called. Unfamiliar with speleological (caving) techniques, the troops abandoned the tunnel and dug a shaft to Collins. By the time they reached him, he was dead. The sordid-but-true tale first piqued Landaus interest when she stumbled across the phrase Deathwatch Carnival, a newspapers description of the small-time fair whose tents arose on top of the tunnel in which Collins lay. She was gripped by images of rural mountebanks selling overpriced, dime-sized hamburgers and cure-all sassafras elixirs while, in the earth below, a man shriveled hopelessly away. Like all modern American tragedies, Floyds personal tragedy diminished in proportion to the number of people drawn to it, she comments wryly, adding that this feeding frenzy is the flip side of the American Dream. Landau even detects an implicit connection between Collinss mishap and AIDS. She compares Floyds bodily deterioration and his feverish, hallucinatory terror at his own encroaching death to the seesawing physical and emotional states of people with the disease. To her, the crowds craven indifference to Floyds suffering recalls the ways in which politicians have used AIDS as a political football. .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .postImageUrl , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:hover , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:visited , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:active { border:0!important; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:active , .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132 .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u530680b59b4d8fee1e29bbd6e6560132:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: New tracks on Tobacco Road EssayTrying to balance an individuals spiritual pilgrimage toward death and societys ultimate callousness toward human casualties, Floyd Collins whirls from the most intimate stories to the grandest ones, as if the proscenium arch were a camera alternating between fisheye and wide-angle lenses. An aria in which Collins sings about his love for caves gives way to an unsentimental portrait of the Collins family, whose incessant squabbling and drinking at the rescue site some locals blame for Floyds death. Fierce antipathy between the residents and the outlanders, big-city opportunists hoping to make a buck off Collins, cedes to a cynical, if hackne yed, picture of a newspaper industry that seduces ambitious journalists into disregarding the difference between myth and fact. Preferred caves to people   All of these close-ups and long-shots present a swirling tableau of American life, a postmodern Our Town. Yet if Landau has altered many aspects of Collinss story to suit her vaguely Brechtian intentions, she has resisted adding female characters to Floyds shadowy world. This is basically a mans play, she says, explaining that the women who populate Floyd Collins are the peripheral ones who peopled his life: his distant, deeply religious stepmother Miss Jane and his addled sister, Nellie, just released from an asylum. As Landau points out, Floyd ultimately preferred caves to either men or women. And because American mores have loosened in the 40-odd years that have passed since Wilder released The Big Carnival, Collinss ignominious quirks are more acceptable. But where Floyd matched Landaus dark view of the story, other characters needed to be simplified so that their self-interest would pop up like a punching bag. In real life, Floyds cherubic brother Homer, who probably logged in more hours on the rescue team than anybody, went on the vaudeville circuit shortly after Floyds death. Having spent everything on the excavation, Homer wanted to earn enough money to get Floyds body out of the cave and bury it. But in Landaus telling, Homer uses Floyds story to boost his own nascent song-and-dance career. With the pathos-laden ballad of Floyd Collins, which became the first million-selling hit, Homer brought Floyd to audiences hungry for titillation and violence, Landau says. So long as it wasnt on thei r front porches.